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SMS ''Markgraf'' was the third battleship of the four-ship . She served in the Imperial German Navy during World War I. The battleship was laid down in November 1911 and launched on 4 June 1913. She was formally commissioned into the Imperial Navy on 1 October 1914, just over two months after the outbreak of war in Europe. ''Markgraf'' was armed with ten guns in five twin turrets and could steam at a top speed of . ''Markgraf'' was named in honor of the royal family of Baden. The name Markgraf is a rank of German nobility and is equivalent to the English Margrave, or Marquess. Along with her three sister ships, , , and , ''Markgraf'' took part in most of the fleet actions during the war, including the Battle of Jutland on 31 May and 1 June 1916. At Jutland, ''Markgraf'' was the third ship in the German line and heavily engaged by the opposing British Grand Fleet; she sustained five large-caliber hits and her crew suffered 23 casualties. ''Markgraf'' also participated in Operation Albion, the conquest of the Gulf of Riga, in late 1917. The ship was damaged by a mine while en route to Germany following the successful conclusion of the operation. After Germany's defeat in the war and the signing of the Armistice in November 1918, ''Markgraf'' and most of the capital ships of the High Seas Fleet were interned by the Royal Navy in Scapa Flow. The ships were disarmed and reduced to skeleton crews while the Allied powers negotiated the final version of the Treaty of Versailles. On 21 June 1919, days before the treaty was signed, the commander of the interned fleet, Rear Admiral Ludwig von Reuter, ordered the fleet to be scuttled to ensure that the British would not be able to seize the ships. Unlike most of the scuttled ships, ''Markgraf'' was never raised for scrapping; the wreck is still sitting on the bottom of the bay. == Construction and design == (詳細はAG Weser shipyard in Bremen under construction number 186. Her keel was laid in November 1911 and she was launched on 4 June 1913. At her launching ceremony, the ship was christened by Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden, the head of the royal family of Baden, in honor of which the ship had been named. Fitting-out work was completed by 1 October 1914, the day she was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet. She had cost the Imperial German Government 45 million ''Goldmarks''. ''Markgraf'' displaced as built and fully loaded, with a length of , a beam of and a draft of . She was powered by three Bergmann steam turbines, three oil-fired and twelve coal-fired boilers, which developed a total of and yielded a maximum speed of . The ship had a range of at a cruising speed of . The ship had a crew of 41 officers and 1,095 enlisted sailors. She was armed with ten arranged in five twin gun turrets: two superfiring turrets each fore and aft and one turret amidships between the two funnels. Her secondary armament consisted of fourteen , six and five underwater torpedo tubes, one in the bow and two on each beam. ''Markgraf''s 8.8 cm guns were removed and replaced with four 8.8 cm anti-aircraft guns. The ship's main armored belt was thick. The deck was thick; the main battery turrets and forward conning tower were armored with thick steel plates. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SMS Markgraf」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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